CONDITIONAL SENTENCES · TATSYAFIRA
Understand the condition.
Conditional sentences are not just four formulas to memorise. Learn how English uses verb forms to show possibility, reality, time, distance from reality, and imagined results — one step at a time.
THE CONDITIONAL RELATIONSHIP
YOUR LEARNING PATH
One step at a time.
Every section must be mastered before the next one opens. Complete both practice questions in each step to move forward.
STEP 01 · CONDITIONALS
What Are Conditional Sentences?
THE CORE IDEA
Conditional sentences adalah kalimat yang menghubungkan sebuah condition (kondisi) dengan sebuah result (hasil).
Conditional sentence umumnya terdiri dari dua bagian:
- If-clause → menyatakan kondisi
- Main clause → menyatakan hasil atau konsekuensi
Basic Structure
If + condition, result.
Example:
If it rains, we will stay at home.
If it rains adalah if-clause, sedangkan we will stay at home adalah main clause.
Urutan kedua bagian tersebut dapat dibalik tanpa mengubah makna:
If it rains, we will stay at home.
We will stay at home if it rains.
Jika if-clause berada di awal kalimat, biasanya digunakan koma. Jika main clause berada di awal, koma biasanya tidak digunakan.
If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
I will pass the exam if I study hard.
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which part of this sentence is the condition? “If it rains, we will stay at home.”
Complete: ___ it rains, we will stay at home.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 02 · CONDITIONALS
Open and Unreal Conditions
Conditional sentences dapat menunjukkan kondisi dengan tingkat kenyataan yang berbeda.
Oxford membedakan kondisi menjadi dua konsep utama:
Open condition
Kondisi yang masih terbuka terhadap kemungkinan. Kondisi tersebut mungkin benar, mungkin terjadi, atau mungkin menjadi benar.
If you join the library, you can borrow books.
Keanggotaan perpustakaan belum diketahui. Kondisinya masih terbuka.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Hujan mungkin terjadi, tetapi belum diketahui apakah akan terjadi.
Unreal condition
Kondisi yang tidak benar, bersifat imajinatif, atau dipandang sebagai situasi yang lebih jauh dari kenyataan.
If I had more money, I would travel around the world.
Kalimat tersebut membayangkan situasi memiliki lebih banyak uang, sementara kondisi tersebut tidak sesuai dengan keadaan yang sedang dibicarakan.
If you had arrived ten minutes later, we would have been closed.
Kalimat tersebut membicarakan alternatif terhadap suatu kejadian masa lalu yang sebenarnya tidak terjadi.
Important Concept
Dalam conditional sentences, past form tidak selalu menunjukkan past time.
Contoh:
If I had more money, I would travel more.
Had merupakan bentuk past, tetapi kondisi yang dibicarakan adalah keadaan sekarang.
Past form dalam pola unreal conditional dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan distance from reality, bukan hanya waktu lampau. Oxford menggunakan konsep ini dalam penjelasan Type 2. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence describes an unreal or theoretical situation?
Complete the unreal condition: If I ___ more money, I would travel around the world.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 03 · CONDITIONALS
The Four Common Conditional Patterns
FOUR COMMON PATTERNS
Empat pola conditional yang umum adalah:
| Type | Structure | Main Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If + Present → Present | General / automatic result |
| First Conditional | If + Present → will + V1 | Open possibility |
| Second Conditional | If + Past → would + V1 | Unreal / theoretical situation |
| Third Conditional | If + Past Perfect → would have + V3 | Unreal past situation |
Oxford menjelaskan Type 1, Type 2, dan Type 3 sebagai pola yang umum, kemudian menyebut pola present + present sebagai Type 0. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which pattern is the standard First Conditional pattern?
Complete the First Conditional formula: If + Present → ___ + V1.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 04 · CONDITIONALS
ZERO CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL DISTANCE
Form
If + Present Simple, Present Simple
Examples
If you heat ice, it melts.
If you don't water plants, they die.
If I drink coffee at night, I can't sleep.
Meaning and Use
Zero Conditional digunakan untuk menyatakan hubungan antara kondisi dan hasil yang bersifat:
- general
- repeated
- automatic
- regularly occurring
Contoh:
If you heat ice, it melts.
Hubungan antara kondisi dan hasil dianggap berlaku secara umum.
Contoh lain:
If I skip breakfast, I get hungry before lunch.
Kalimat tersebut menggambarkan hasil yang berulang, bukan satu kejadian tertentu.
Oxford menjelaskan Type 0 sebagai pola if + present + present yang dapat menunjukkan bahwa satu hal secara otomatis mengikuti hal lainnya. oxford grammar
If and When
Dalam kondisi yang bersifat umum atau berulang, when dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dari if.
If I reverse the car, it makes a funny noise.
When I reverse the car, it makes a funny noise.
When menekankan bahwa hasil tersebut terjadi setiap kali kondisi terjadi.
Zero Conditional and Future Situations
Zero Conditional juga dapat digunakan untuk hasil otomatis dari sebuah kemungkinan future.
If the team win tomorrow, they get promotion to a higher league.
Dengan demikian, Zero Conditional tidak terbatas pada scientific facts.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Choose the correct Zero Conditional sentence.
Complete: If you heat ice, it ___.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 05 · CONDITIONALS
FIRST CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL DISTANCE
Form
If + Present Simple, will + V1
Examples
If it rains, we will stay at home.
If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
If we don't hurry, we will miss the train.
Meaning and Use
First Conditional digunakan untuk open conditions, terutama ketika membicarakan kemungkinan yang berkaitan dengan future.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Kondisi it rains masih terbuka. Hujan mungkin terjadi dan mungkin tidak terjadi.
Karena itu, First Conditional tidak berarti bahwa hasilnya pasti terjadi. Hasilnya bergantung pada kondisi.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Choose the correct First Conditional sentence.
Complete: If it rains tomorrow, we ___ stay at home.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 06 · CONDITIONALS
Present Tense with Future Meaning
Salah satu karakteristik utama First Conditional adalah penggunaan present tense dalam if-clause untuk merujuk pada future.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Bentuk:
rains
adalah Present Simple, tetapi konteksnya adalah tomorrow.
Incorrect
If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Correct
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Dalam open conditional, will biasanya tidak digunakan dalam if-clause hanya untuk menunjukkan future time. Oxford secara eksplisit menjelaskan penggunaan present tense dengan future reference ini. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence correctly uses a present tense in the if-clause with future meaning?
Complete: If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 07 · CONDITIONALS
Other Results in First Conditional
Main clause tidak harus selalu menggunakan will.
Conditional sentence dapat menggunakan modal verbs atau bentuk lain.
CAN
If we miss the train, we can get the next one.
MIGHT
If you phone at six, they might be having tea.
BE GOING TO
If Simon is hoping to borrow the car, he's going to be disappointed.
IMPERATIVE
If you're going out, take your key.
If you drink, don't drive.
Dengan demikian, pola:
If + Present → will
merupakan pola utama untuk pembelajaran, tetapi bukan satu-satunya bentuk conditional yang digunakan dalam English. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which result is possible in a First Conditional sentence?
Complete: If we miss the train, we ___ get the next one.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 08 · CONDITIONALS
Will in the If-Clause
Dalam open conditional biasa, will tidak digunakan dalam if-clause hanya untuk menunjukkan future.
❌ If it will rain, we will stay home.
Namun, will dapat muncul dalam if-clause dengan fungsi tertentu, misalnya untuk menunjukkan willingness, refusal, atau request.
Willingness
If everyone will help, we'll soon get the job done.
Refusal
If the car won't start, I'll have to ring the garage.
Request
If you'll just take a seat, Mr Parsons will be with you in a moment.
Penggunaan ini merupakan penggunaan khusus dan lebih advanced. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence uses “will” in the if-clause for a special meaning rather than simply future time?
Complete the special use: If everyone ___ help, we'll soon get the job done.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 09 · CONDITIONALS
SECOND CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL DISTANCE
Form
If + Past Simple, would + V1
Examples
If I had more money, I would travel around the world.
If Phil lived nearer his mother, he would visit her more often.
If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
Meaning and Use
Second Conditional digunakan untuk kondisi yang:
- unreal
- imaginary
- theoretical
- atau dipandang lebih jauh dari kenyataan
Contoh:
If I had more money, I would travel around the world.
Kondisi having more money dibayangkan sebagai keadaan yang berbeda dari keadaan yang sedang berlaku.
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence uses the Second Conditional correctly?
Complete: If I ___ more money, I would travel around the world.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 10 · CONDITIONALS
Past Form Does Not Always Mean Past Time
Dalam Second Conditional, past form sering digunakan untuk menunjukkan unreality atau distance, bukan past time.
If I had more free time, I would learn another language.
Kalimat tersebut membicarakan kondisi sekarang:
I don't have enough free time now.
Bukan:
I didn't have free time in the past.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
In “If I had more free time, I would learn another language,” what does the past form mainly express?
Complete: If I ___ more free time, I would learn another language.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 11 · CONDITIONALS
Theoretical Future Possibility
Second Conditional juga dapat digunakan untuk situasi future yang bersifat theoretical.
If you lost the book, you would have to pay for a new one.
Kehilangan buku belum tentu terjadi. Situasi tersebut hanya dipertimbangkan sebagai kemungkinan hypothetical.
Comparison
First Conditional:
If we stay in a hotel, it will be expensive.
Kondisi dipresentasikan sebagai open possibility.
Second Conditional:
If we stayed in a hotel, it would be expensive.
Kondisi dipresentasikan sebagai theoretical possibility, sehingga terasa lebih jauh dari kenyataan.
Oxford membuat perbedaan ini secara eksplisit dalam pembahasan Type 2. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence presents a future situation as theoretical rather than an open possibility?
Complete: If we ___ in a hotel, it would be expensive.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 12 · CONDITIONALS
Second Conditional Is Not Simply "Impossible"
Second Conditional tidak berarti bahwa kondisi tersebut pasti mustahil.
If I won the scholarship, I would study abroad.
Memenangkan scholarship mungkin saja terjadi. Namun, situasi tersebut dipresentasikan sebagai hypothetical atau theoretical.
Karena itu, definisi yang lebih tepat adalah:
Second Conditional digunakan untuk unreal atau theoretical situations, termasuk kemungkinan future yang dipandang lebih jauh dari kenyataan.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which statement about the Second Conditional is correct?
Complete: The Second Conditional can describe an unreal, imaginary, or ___ situation.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 13 · CONDITIONALS
Would in the If-Clause
Dalam pola Second Conditional yang normal, would tidak digunakan dalam if-clause.
Correct
If I had more money, I would travel more.
Incorrect
If I would have more money, I would travel more.
Struktur dasarnya:
if + past
dan:
would + V1
Oxford secara eksplisit memberikan pola tersebut. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Choose the standard form.
Complete: If I ___ more money, I would travel more.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 14 · CONDITIONALS
Could and Might in Second Conditional
Main clause dapat menggunakan could atau might.
Could
If I had more free time, I could learn another language.
Might
If we left earlier, we might catch the train.
Secara umum:
- would → imagined result
- could → ability or possibility
- might → possibility
Oxford mencantumkan could dan might sebagai alternatif dalam Type 2. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which modal best completes this sentence to show ability or possibility? “If I had more free time, I ___ learn another language.”
Complete: If I had more free time, I ___ learn another language.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 15 · CONDITIONALS
If I Were You
Dalam unreal condition, bentuk were dapat digunakan, terutama dalam expression:
If I were you, I would accept the offer.
Maknanya adalah membayangkan berada dalam posisi orang lain.
Bentuk If I were you merupakan bentuk standard yang sangat umum dalam English.
Oxford juga menjelaskan penggunaan were dalam unreal conditions. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence uses the standard unreal expression?
Complete: If I ___ you, I would accept the offer.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 16 · CONDITIONALS
THIRD CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL DISTANCE
Form
If + Past Perfect, would have + V3
atau:
If + had + V3, would have + V3
Examples
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
If you had taken a taxi, you would have got here in time.
If she had called me, I would have helped her.
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Choose the correct Third Conditional sentence.
Complete: If I ___ studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 17 · CONDITIONALS
Meaning and Use
Third Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan unreal past conditions.
Artinya, kondisi yang dibicarakan tidak terjadi di masa lalu, kemudian hasil yang berbeda dibayangkan.
Contoh:
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Kondisi sebenarnya:
I did not study hard enough.
Hasil sebenarnya:
I did not pass the exam.
Conditional sentence tersebut membayangkan alternatif:
I had studied harder → I would have passed.
Oxford menjelaskan Type 3 sebagai pola yang menggunakan past perfect dalam if-clause dan would + perfect dalam main clause untuk imaginary past action. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
What does a Third Conditional sentence describe?
Complete: Third Conditional describes an ___ past condition and an imagined past result.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 18 · CONDITIONALS
Third Conditional and Regret
Third Conditional sering digunakan untuk membicarakan:
- regret
- missed opportunities
- past mistakes
- alternative past results
- imagined past situations
Contoh:
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Namun, regret bukan satu-satunya makna Third Conditional.
Definisi grammatical yang lebih luas adalah:
unreal past condition + imagined past result
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which is a common use of the Third Conditional?
Complete: If I had studied harder, I ___ have passed the exam.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 19 · CONDITIONALS
Could Have and Might Have
Main clause juga dapat menggunakan could have atau might have.
Could Have
If I'd written the address down, I could have saved myself some trouble.
Might Have
If we had left earlier, we might have caught the train.
Perbedaan utamanya terletak pada makna modal:
- would have → imagined result
- could have → ability/opportunity
- might have → possibility
Oxford mencantumkan could + perfect dan modal verbs seperti could dan might dalam main clause Type 3. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence correctly uses “could have” in the main clause?
Complete: If I'd written the address down, I ___ have saved myself some trouble.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 20 · CONDITIONALS
Would Have in the If-Clause
Dalam standard English, would have tidak digunakan dalam if-clause pada pola Third Conditional.
Correct
If I had known, I would have helped you.
Incorrect
If I would have known, I would have helped you.
Pola standard:
If + Past Perfect
would have + V3
Oxford mencatat bahwa bentuk seperti If you'd have taken... memang dapat ditemukan dalam informal speech, tetapi banyak orang menganggapnya incorrect. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Choose the correct Third Conditional structure.
Complete: If I ___ known, I would have helped you.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 21 · CONDITIONALS
Comparing the Four Conditionals
ONE SITUATION, FOUR PERSPECTIVES
ZERO
If I drink coffee at night, I can't sleep.
General / repeated result
FIRST
If I drink coffee tonight, I won't sleep well.
Open future possibility
SECOND
If I drank coffee tonight, I wouldn't sleep well.
Theoretical / unreal situation
THIRD
If I had drunk coffee last night, I wouldn't have slept well.
Unreal past situation
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which pairing is correct?
Complete: Zero Conditional commonly describes a ___ or repeated result.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 22 · CONDITIONALS
Mixed Conditionals
MIXED TIME RELATIONSHIPS
If you hadn't woken me up, I wouldn't feel so tired now.
If Tom was more ambitious, he would have found a better job years ago.
Conditional patterns dapat dikombinasikan ketika condition dan result memiliki hubungan waktu yang berbeda.
Oxford secara eksplisit memberikan contoh Type 2 + Type 3 dan Type 3 + Type 2. oxford grammar
Type 3 + Type 2
Past condition → present result
If you hadn't woken me up in the middle of the night, I wouldn't feel so tired now.
Condition:
If you hadn't woken me up...
→ past
Result:
I wouldn't feel so tired now.
→ present
Type 2 + Type 3
Present condition → past result
If Tom was more ambitious, he would have found himself a better job years ago.
Condition:
If Tom was more ambitious...
→ present characteristic
Result:
he would have found himself a better job years ago.
→ past result
Mixed Conditional digunakan ketika hubungan waktu antara condition dan result tidak sama.
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence is a mixed conditional with a past condition and a present result?
Complete: If you hadn't woken me up, I ___ feel so tired now.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 23 · CONDITIONALS
UNLESS
UNLESS
Unless berarti:
if ... not
Contoh:
Unless it rains, we'll have a picnic.
Maknanya setara dengan:
If it doesn't rain, we'll have a picnic.
Contoh:
Unless you study, you won't pass the exam.
Maknanya:
If you don't study, you won't pass the exam.
Oxford mendefinisikan unless sebagai equivalent to if...not. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence correctly uses “unless”?
Complete: ___ you study, you won't pass the exam. (Use the negative-condition conjunction.)
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 24 · CONDITIONALS
Unless and Negative Conditions
UNLESS
Karena unless sudah memiliki makna negatif, pola dasar biasanya tidak memerlukan not tambahan.
Correct
Unless you study, you won't pass.
Equivalent
If you don't study, you won't pass.
Untuk learner, bentuk berikut sebaiknya dihindari dalam pola dasar:
❌ Unless you don't study, you won't pass.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which statement about “unless” is correct?
Complete: ___ you study, you won't pass the exam. (Do not add 'not'.)
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 25 · CONDITIONALS
As Long As / So Long As
As long as dan so long as dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan condition.
You can use my laptop as long as you are careful.
You can stay here as long as you don't make too much noise.
Maknanya kurang lebih:
sesuatu diperbolehkan atau berlaku dengan syarat bahwa kondisi tertentu terpenuhi.
Oxford mencantumkan as long as dan so long as sebagai conjunctions yang dapat menyatakan condition. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence correctly uses “as long as” to state a condition?
Complete: You can use my laptop ___ long as you are careful.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 26 · CONDITIONALS
Provided / Providing
Provided that dan providing that juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan condition.
You can borrow my car provided that you drive carefully.
We will accept the offer providing that payment is made within seven days.
Bentuk ini cenderung lebih formal daripada if.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence uses “provided that” correctly?
Complete: We will accept the offer ___ that payment is made within seven days.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 27 · CONDITIONALS
In Case vs If
IF vs IN CASE
Action happens if the condition occurs.
Action is taken now as a precaution.
In case dan if memiliki fungsi yang berbeda.
IF
I'll draw some money out of the bank if I need it.
Artinya uang akan diambil jika kebutuhan tersebut terjadi.
IN CASE
I'll draw some money out of the bank in case I need it.
Artinya uang diambil sebagai tindakan berjaga-jaga karena kebutuhan tersebut mungkin terjadi.
Comparison
if → condition
in case → precaution against a possible situation
Oxford memberikan perbedaan ini secara eksplisit. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence correctly shows precaution rather than a condition that triggers an action?
Complete: I'll take an umbrella ___ case it rains.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 28 · CONDITIONALS
Suppose / Supposing
Suppose dan supposing dapat digunakan untuk memperkenalkan hypothetical condition.
Suppose you lost your passport. What would you do?
Supposing there was nowhere to park, what would we do?
Struktur ini sering digunakan ketika sebuah situasi dibayangkan untuk mempertimbangkan kemungkinan hasilnya.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which expression introduces a hypothetical condition?
Complete: ___ you lost your passport. What would you do?
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 29 · CONDITIONALS
What If?
What if digunakan untuk menanyakan atau mempertimbangkan suatu hypothetical possibility.
What if we miss the train?
What if the tickets don't arrive in time?
Dalam struktur ini, pertanyaan What if...? dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa main clause tambahan.
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence correctly uses “What if”?
Complete: ___ if we miss the train?
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 30 · CONDITIONALS
Formal Conditional: Should
FORMAL INVERSION
Dalam formal English, should dapat digunakan dalam if-clause untuk kondisi yang mungkin terjadi tetapi tidak terlalu mungkin.
If anyone should ring, could you take a message?
Bentuk formal dengan inversion:
Should anyone ring, could you take a message?
Struktur kedua lebih formal daripada ordinary if-clause. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
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You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which formal conditional is correctly formed with “should”?
Complete the formal inversion: ___ anyone ring, could you take a message?
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 31 · CONDITIONALS
Formal Conditional: Were
FORMAL INVERSION
Dalam unreal condition, were dapat digunakan sebagai bentuk yang lebih formal.
If the picture were genuine, it would be worth thousands of pounds.
Dengan inversion:
Were the picture genuine, it would be worth thousands of pounds.
Maknanya sama, tetapi bentuk kedua lebih formal.
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which formal unreal conditional uses “were” correctly?
Complete the formal inversion: ___ the picture genuine, it would be worth thousands of pounds.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 32 · CONDITIONALS
Formal Conditional: Had
FORMAL INVERSION
Type 3 juga dapat menggunakan inversion.
Standard
If you had taken a taxi, you would have got here on time.
Formal
Had you taken a taxi, you would have got here on time.
Contoh lain:
Had the guests not complained, nothing would have been done.
Bentuk had + subject ini merupakan bentuk formal dari if + subject + had. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which formal inversion is equivalent to “If you had taken a taxi, you would have got here on time”?
Complete the formal Third Conditional inversion: ___ you taken a taxi, you would have got here on time.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 33 · CONDITIONALS
Functions of Conditional Sentences
Conditional sentences dapat digunakan untuk berbagai fungsi komunikasi.
Request
If you're going into town, could you post this letter for me?
Advice
If you need more information, you should see your careers teacher.
Suggestion
We can go for a walk if you like.
Warning
If you're walking along the cliff top, don't go too near the edge.
Threat
If you don't leave immediately, I'll call the police.
Criticism
If you hadn't forgotten your passport, we wouldn't be in such a rush.
Dengan demikian, conditional sentence tidak hanya digunakan untuk menyatakan future result. Oxford secara eksplisit mencantumkan request, advice, criticism, suggestion, offer, warning, dan threat sebagai fungsi conditional clauses. oxford grammar
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which conditional best expresses advice?
Complete the advice: If you need more information, you ___ see your careers teacher.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 34 · CONDITIONALS
Conditional Sentences and Modal Verbs
Modal verbs dapat digunakan untuk mengubah makna result.
CAN
If we miss the train, we can get the next one.
MIGHT
If you phone at six, they might be having tea.
COULD
If I had more time, I could learn another language.
SHOULD
If you need more information, you should ask your teacher.
Dengan demikian, conditional sentence tidak terbatas pada pasangan:
will / would
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence correctly uses a modal in the result clause?
Complete: If I had more time, I ___ learn another language.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 35 · CONDITIONALS
Common Mistakes
01. If + Will
❌ If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay home.
✅ If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
02. If + Would
❌ If I would have more money, I would travel.
✅ If I had more money, I would travel.
03. If + Would Have
❌ If I would have known, I would have helped you.
✅ If I had known, I would have helped you.
04. Second Conditional = Impossible
❌ Second Conditional selalu berarti impossible.
✅ Second Conditional dapat menyatakan unreal, imaginary, atau theoretical situation.
05. Third Conditional = Regret
❌ Third Conditional hanya digunakan untuk regret.
✅ Third Conditional digunakan untuk unreal past condition dan imagined past result. Regret merupakan salah satu penggunaan yang umum.
06. IF = IN CASE
❌ If dan in case selalu memiliki makna yang sama.
✅ If menyatakan condition, sedangkan in case dapat menunjukkan tindakan precaution terhadap kemungkinan tertentu.
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence avoids the common “if + will” mistake?
Complete: If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay home.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 36 · CONDITIONALS
Conditional Timeline
CONDITIONAL TIMELINE
| Type | Time / Reality | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Zero | General / repeated | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| First | Open future possibility | If it rains, we will stay home. |
| Second | Unreal / theoretical present or future | If I had more money, I would travel. |
| Third | Unreal past | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
| Mixed | Different time relationships | If I had slept earlier, I wouldn't be tired now. |
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which type describes an unreal or theoretical present/future situation?
Complete: If I ___ more money, I would travel.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 37 · CONDITIONALS
Conditional Master Formula
MASTER FORMULA
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If + Present Simple → Present Simple
If you heat ice, it melts.
General / repeated / automatic result
FIRST CONDITIONAL
If + Present Simple → will + V1
If it rains, we will stay home.
Open possibility
SECOND CONDITIONAL
If + Past Simple → would + V1
If I had more money, I would travel.
Unreal / theoretical situation
THIRD CONDITIONAL
If + Past Perfect → would have + V3
If I had studied harder, I would have passed.
Unreal past situation
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which formula is correct for the Third Conditional?
Complete the formula: If + ___ Perfect → would have + V3.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 38 · CONDITIONALS
Conditional Sentences: Important Note
Keempat pola di atas merupakan common patterns, bukan seluruh bentuk conditional yang digunakan dalam English.
Oxford menjelaskan bahwa terdapat many different combinations of verb forms dalam conditional sentences. oxford grammar
Contoh:
If you need more information, you should see your teacher.
If we miss the train, we can get the next one.
If you're going out, take your key.
Karena itu, pemahaman conditional sentence tidak hanya bergantung pada formula, tetapi juga pada:
- makna condition
- tingkat reality
- waktu
- hubungan condition dan result
- modal meaning
- konteks penggunaan
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which statement best reflects the important note about conditional sentences?
Complete: Conditional meaning depends on condition, reality, time, result, modal meaning, and ___.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
STEP 39 · CONDITIONALS
FINAL SUMMARY
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If + Present → Present
Digunakan untuk general, repeated, atau automatic result.
If you heat ice, it melts.
FIRST CONDITIONAL
If + Present → will + V1
Digunakan untuk open possibility.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
If + Past → would + V1
Digunakan untuk unreal, imaginary, atau theoretical situation.
If I had more money, I would travel more.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
If + Past Perfect → would have + V3
Digunakan untuk unreal past condition dan imagined past result.
If I had studied harder, I would have passed.
MIXED CONDITIONAL
Digunakan ketika condition dan result berkaitan dengan waktu yang berbeda.
If I hadn't stayed up so late, I wouldn't be tired now.
OTHER CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
unless\
as long as\
so long as\
provided that\
providing that\
in case\
suppose\
supposing\
what if\
should\
were\
had
Conditional sentences pada akhirnya bukan hanya tentang menghafalkan empat formula. Pola verb digunakan untuk menunjukkan bagaimana pembicara memandang suatu condition: sebagai kondisi yang terbuka, theoretical, unreal, atau sebagai alternatif terhadap sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lalu.
MASTERY CHECK
Make sure you understand this step.
You must complete both the multiple-choice question and the typed question correctly before the next section unlocks.
Which sentence best summarises the main purpose of the four common conditional patterns?
Complete: Conditional sentences are not only formulas; they show how a speaker views a ___.
Both answers must be correct. You can try again as many times as you need.
Ready to test what you actually know?
Complete all 39 learning steps first. Then test yourself with 15 multiple-choice questions and 15 typed questions covering the conditional system you have studied.